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Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science 39:76-83 (2009)
© 2009 Association of Clinical Scientists

Ketogenic Diet Reduces Cytochrome c Release and Cellular Apoptosis Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Juvenile Rats

Zhi Gang Hu, Han Dong Wang, Wei Jin and Hong Xia Yin
Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

Address correspondence to Professor Han Dong Wang, Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China; tel 86 25 5180 5396; fax 86 25 5180 5396; e-mail hdwang_nj{at}yahoo.com.cn.

Ketone bodies have been shown to be favorable alternative metabolic substrates and are protective under neuropathologies. At the same time, cytochrome c release has been reported following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and precipitates apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. The present study investigated the effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) on TBI. TBI was produced using the Feeney weight-drop model and the animals were fed either normal diet (ND) or KD. Brain edema was estimated by wet/dry weight ratio; cytochrome c was detected by Western blotting; cellular apoptosis in the penumbra area was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and active caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining. The results show that brain edema, cytochrome c release, and cellular apoptosis were induced after TBI and that KD reduced these changes dramatically. These findings suggest that KD has potential therapeutic benefit in TBI.

Keywords: traumatic brain injury, ketogenic diet, cytochrome c release, apoptosis, brain edema






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