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Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science 35:91-96 (2005)
© 2005 Association of Clinical Scientists

Immunohistochemical Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in Penile Carcinoma

Sadia Saeed, Connie A. Keehn, Farah K Khalil and Michael B. Morgan
Department of Pathology, University of South Florida, and James A. Haley Veterans Administration Hospital, Tampa, Florida

Address correspondence to Sadia Saaed, M.D., or Michael B Morgan, M.D., Department of Pathology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; tel 813 632 9808; fax 813 971 6675; e-mail mbkmmorgan{at}aol.com.

There is a complex interplay between the pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family of proteins and the tumor suppressor gene p53. The pathogenic role of Bax and Bcl-2 protein expression in penile carcinomas has not previously been investigated. We examined Bax and Bcl-2 expression in verrucous (VC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis. Herein we also present a concise review of p53, Bcl-2/Bax ratios, and their relationship to apoptosis. Fourteen cases of penile carcinoma, including 7 VC and 7 well-differentiated SCC, were analyzed for Bax and Bcl-2 expression by immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin embedded archived tissues. The number of positively staining tumor cells was enumerated per 100 tumor cells within non-overlapping high power fields. The Bax immunoreactivity was similar in VC (19 ± 3%) and well-differentiated SCC (15 ± 4%) (p = 0.69). The expression of Bcl-2 protein was significantly higher in well-differentiated SCC (69 ± 12%) compared to VC (36 ± 14%) (p = 0.04). The mean Bcl-2/Bax ratio was significantly lower in VC (1.89) compared to well-differentiated SCC (4.6) (p = 0.05). These findings indicate that penile VC and SCC are immunophenotypically distinct. Bax expression is comparable in verrucous and low-grade squamous cell carcinomas, but Bcl-2 expression of Bcl-2 is significantly higher in the squamous cell carcinomas.

Keywords: Bax, Bcl-2, penile carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma, immunohistochemistry, apoptosis




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