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Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science 34:299-306 (2004)
© 2004 Association of Clinical Scientists

Review

Different Effects of Platinum, Palladium, and Rhodium Salts on Lymphocyte Proliferation and Cytokine Release

Paolo Boscolo1, Luca Di Giampaolo1, Marcella Reale2, Maria Luisa Castellani2, Anna Rita Volpe3, Marco Carmignani3, Jessica Ponti4, Roberto Paganelli1, Enrico Sabbioni4, Pio Conti2 and Mario Di Gioacchino1
1 Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, and 2 Department of Oncology and Neurosciences, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara; 3 Department of Basic and Applied Biology, University of L’Aquila; 4 Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission, Ispra; Italy

Address correspondence to Paolo Boscolo MD, Section of Occupational Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology; G. D’Annunzio University, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti Scalo, Italy; tel and fax 39 0871 355 6704; e-mail: boscolo{at}unich.it.

The effects of graded concentrations of Pt, Pd, and Rh salts on spontaneous and PHA-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation and IFN-{gamma}, TNF-{alpha}, and IL-5 release were the focus of this study. Spontaneous PBMC proliferation was inhibited by all 10–4 M salts (with the exception of PtCl2), while it was enhanced by 10–5 M PtCl2 as well as by 10–5 and 10–6 M (NH4)2[RhCl6] and RhCl3 (but not by 10–7 M salts). Pt, Pd, and Rh compounds showed similar effects on PHA-stimulated PBMC proliferation and cytokine release; however, the effects on IFN-{gamma} release were stronger. Thus, 10–4 and 10–5 M (NH4)2[PtCl6] and 10–4 M (NH4)2[PtCl4] inhibited the PHA-stimulated immune activity;10–4 M PtCl2 did not exert activity, while10–6 M (NH4)2[PtCl6] and 10–5 and 10–6 M (NH4)2[PtCl4] and PtCl2 enhanced PBMC proliferation and/or cytokine release. (NH4)2[PdCl6] showed stronger dose-related inhibitory effects (present also at 10–7 M concentration) on PHA-stimulated proliferation and cytokine release than (NH4)2-[PdCl4], PdCl2, or Rh salts; the inhibitory activity of (NH4)2[RhCl6] was slightly higher than that of RhCl3. In conclusion, this study shows that: (a) the immune capacity of Pt, Pd, and Rh depends on speciation; (b) low concentrations of Pt salts stimulate spontaneous and PHA-stimulated immune responses; (c) the in vitro activity of Pd compounds (which are only inhibitory) is higher than that of Pt and Rh salts. These findings are consistent with the observations that sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis in response to Pd are increased in the general population, although the roles of cross-sensitization to Pd and Ni are difficult to determine.

Keywords: platinum, palladium, rhodium, lymphocyte proliferation, cytokines, immunotoxicity, allergy




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I Iavicoli, G Carelli, A Marinaccio, L Fontana, and E. Calabrese
Effects of sub-chronic exposure to palladium (as potassium hexachloro-palladate) on cytokines in male Wistar rats
Human and Experimental Toxicology, June 1, 2008; 27(6): 493 - 497.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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