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Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science 34:195-202 (2004)
© 2004 Association of Clinical Scientists

In Vitro Effects of Platinum Compounds on Lymphocyte Proliferation and Cytokine Release

Mario Di Gioacchino1, Luca Di Giampaolo1, Nicola Verna1, Marcella Reale2, Maria Bernadette Di Sciascio2, Anna Rita Volpe3, Marco Carmignani3, Jessica Ponti4, Roberto Paganelli1, Enrico Sabbioni4 and Paolo Boscolo1
1 Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing and 2 Department of Oncology and Neurosciences, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara; 3 Department of Basic and Applied Biology, University of L’Aquila; 4 Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, European Commission, Ispra, Italy.

Address correspondence to Professor Mario Di Gioacchino, Section of Occupational Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, G. D’Annunzio University, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti Scalo, Italy; tel 39 087 135 8578; fax 39 087 155 1615; e-mail m.digioacchino{at}unich.it.

In vitro immune effects of Pt compounds of occupational and/or environmental importance, or those used in cancer treatment were studied. Spontaneous and PHA-stimulated proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and in vitro release of TNF-{alpha}, IFN-{gamma}, and IL-5 were assessed in presence of high and very low concentrations of Pt salts: 10–4 and 10–7 M (NH4)2[PtCl6], (NH4)2[PtCl4], PtCl4, PtCl2, Na2PtI6, and cis-diaminedichloroPt (CisPt). Spontaneous and PHA-stimulated PBMC proliferation were both inhibited by 10–4 M (NH4)2[PtCl6] and (NH4)2[PtCl4], while only PHA-stimulated proliferation was inhibited by 10–4 M CisPt, without significant effects of the other Pt salts. TNF-{alpha} release from PBMC was reduced by 10–4 M (NH4)2[PtCl6] and INF-{gamma} release was reduced by 10–4 and 10–7 M hexa- and tetrachloroplatinate and 10–4 M Na2PtI6, but not by other Pt salts. IL-5 release (related to the Th2 immune response) was inhibited by 10–4 M (NH4)2[PtCl6], (NH4)2[PtCl4] and Na2PtI6, but it was enhanced by both 10–4 and 10–7 M PtCl4. PtCl2 did not influence the immune effects. The study shows Pt salts have immune effects and their potency is ranked in the following order: (NH4)2[PtCl6] > (NH4)2[PtCl4] > Na2PtI6 and CisPt > PtCl4 > PtCl2. These results indicate that certain Pt salts affect lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine release. The intracellular mechanisms responsible for such effects have not been identified.

Keywords: platinum, lymphocyte proliferation, cytokines, immunotoxicity, allergy






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